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The Dakota (pronounced , or Dakhóta) are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government in North America. They compose two of the three main subcultures of the Sioux people, and are typically divided into the Eastern Dakota and the Western Dakota.
The four bands of Eastern Dakota are the Bdewákaŋthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpéthuŋwaŋ, Waȟpékhute, and Sisíthuŋwaŋ and are sometimes referred to as the Santee (Isáŋyathi or Isáŋ-athi; 'knife' + 'encampment', 'dwells at the place of knife flint'), who reside in the eastern Dakotas, central Minnesota and northern Iowa. They have federally recognized tribes established in several places.
The Western Dakota are the Yankton, and the Yanktonai (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), who reside in the Upper Missouri River area. The Yankton-Yanktonai are collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena ('Those Who Speak Like Men'). They also have distinct federally recognized tribes. In the past the Western Dakota have been erroneously classified as Nakota, who are located in Montana and across the border in Canada, where they are known as Stoney.For a report on the long-established blunder of misnaming the Yankton and the Yanktonai as "Nakota", see the article Nakota
The Dakota include the following bands:
The Yankton and Yanktonai Dakota (Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋ and Iháŋktȟuŋwaŋna; "Village-at-the-end" and "Little village-at-the-end"), collectively also referred to by the endonym Wičhíyena, resided in the Minnesota River area before ceding their land and moving to South Dakota in 1858. Despite ceding their lands, their treaty with the U.S. government allowed them to maintain their traditional role in the Očhéthi Šakówiŋ as the caretakers of the Pipestone Quarry, which is the cultural center of the Sioux people. They are considered to be the Western Dakota (also called middle Sioux), and have in the past been erroneously classified as Nakota.for a report on the long-established blunder of misnaming as "Nakota", the Yankton and the Yanktonai, see the article Nakota The actual Nakota are the Assiniboine and Stoney of Western Canada and Montana.
After the Dakota War of 1862, the federal government expelled the Santee (who included the Mdewakanton) from Minnesota. Many were sent to Crow Creek Indian Reservation east of the Missouri River in what is now South Dakota. In 1864 some from the Crow Creek Reservation were sent to St. Louis and then traveled by boat up the Missouri River, ultimately to the Santee Sioux Reservation.
In the 21st century, the majority of the Santee live on reservations and reserves, and many in small and larger cities in Minnesota, Nebraska, South Dakota, North Dakota, and Canada. They went to cities for more work opportunities and improved living conditions.
They were involved in quarrying Catlinite. The Yankton-Yanktonai moved into northern Minnesota. In the 18th century, they were recorded as living in the Mankato ( Maka To – Earth Blue/Blue Earth) region of southwestern Minnesota along the Blue Earth River.Amos E. OneRoad (2025). 087351453X, Minnesota Historical Society. 087351453X
Most of the Yankton live on the Yankton Indian Reservation in southeastern South Dakota. Some Yankton live on the Lower Brule Indian Reservation and Crow Creek Reservation, which is also occupied by the Lower Yanktonai. The Upper Yanktonai live in the northern part of the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation, and on the Spirit Lake Reservation, in areas within central North Dakota. Others live in the eastern half of the Fort Peck Indian Reservation in northeastern Montana. In addition, they reside at several Canadian reserves, including Birdtail, Oak Lake, and Whitecap (formerly Moose Woods).
The earliest known European record of the Dakota identified them in Minnesota, Iowa, and Wisconsin. After the introduction of the horse in the early 18th century, the Sioux dominated larger areas of land—from present day Central Canada to the Platte River, from Minnesota to the Yellowstone River, including the Powder River country.
| Fort Peck Indian Reservation | Assiniboine and Sioux Tribes | Hunkpapa, Upper Yanktonai (Pabaksa), Sisseton, Wahpeton, and the Hudesabina (Red Bottom), Wadopabina (Canoe Paddler), Wadopahnatonwan (Canoe Paddlers Who Live on the Prairie), Sahiyaiyeskabi (Plains Cree-Speakers), Inyantonwanbina (Stone People) and Fat Horse Band of the Assiniboine | Montana, United States |
| Spirit Lake Reservation (Formerly Devil's Lake Reservation) | Spirit Lake Tribe (Mni Wakan Oyate) | Wahpeton, Sisseton, Upper Yanktonai | North Dakota, USA |
| Standing Rock Indian Reservation | Standing Rock Sioux Tribe | Lower Yanktonai, Sihasapa, Upper Yanktonai, Hunkpapa | North Dakota, South Dakota, USA |
| Lake Traverse Indian Reservation | Sisseton Wahpeton Oyate | Sisseton, Wahpeton | South Dakota, USA |
| Flandreau Indian Reservation | Flandreau Santee Sioux Tribe | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Wahpeton | South Dakota, USA |
| Crow Creek Indian Reservation | Crow Creek Sioux Tribe | Lower Yanktonai, Mdewakanton | South Dakota, USA |
| Yankton Sioux Indian Reservation | Yankton Sioux Tribe | Yankton | South Dakota, USA |
| Upper Sioux Indian Reservation | Upper Sioux Community (Pejuhutazizi Oyate) | Mdewakanton, Sisseton, Wahpeton | Minnesota, USA |
| Lower Sioux Indian Reservation | Lower Sioux Indian Community | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute | Minnesota, USA |
| Shakopee-Mdewakanton Indian Reservation (Formerly Prior Lake Indian Reservation) | Shakopee Mdewakanton Sioux Community | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute | Minnesota, USA |
| Prairie Island Indian Community | Prairie Island Indian Community | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute | Minnesota, USA |
| Santee Indian Reservation | Santee Sioux Nation | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute | Nebraska, USA |
| Sioux Valley Dakota Nation Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve* | Sioux Valley First Nation | Sisseton, Mdewakanton, Wahpeton, Wahpekute | Manitoba, Canada |
| Dakota Plains Indian Reserve 6A | Dakota Plains Wahpeton First Nation | Wahpeton, Sisseton | Manitoba, Canada |
| Dakota Tipi 1 Reserve | Dakota Tipi First Nation | Wahpeton | Manitoba, Canada |
| Birdtail Creek 57 Reserve, Birdtail Hay Lands 57A Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve* | Birdtail Sioux First Nation | Mdewakanton, Wahpekute, Yanktonai | Manitoba, Canada |
| Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation, Oak Lake 59A Reserve, Fishing Station 62A Reserve* | Canupawakpa Dakota First Nation | Wahpekute, Wahpeton, Yanktonai | Manitoba, Canada |
| Standing Buffalo 78 | Standing Buffalo Dakota Nation | Sisseton, Wahpeton | Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Whitecap 94 Reserve | Whitecap Dakota First Nation | Wahpeton, Sisseton | Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Wahpaton 94A, Wahpaton 94B | Wahpeton Dakota Nation | Wahpeton | Saskatchewan, Canada |
| Wood Mountain 160 Reserve, Treaty Four Reserve Grounds Indian Reserve No. 77* | Wood Mountain | Hunkpapa | Saskatchewan, Canada |
Contemporary Sioux people are also listed under the tribes to which they belong:
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